Question 1

Define diabetes mellitus. Describe the complications and management of diabetes mellitus. Discuss the sign and symptoms of juvenile diabetes mellitus. Preventions of juvenile diabetes mellitus.

Accepted Answer

Definition of Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterised by persistent hyperglycaemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both, with disturbances of carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism. Juvenile (type 1) diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune form caused by destruction of the pancreatic beta cells, usually presenting in childhood, and requires lifelong insulin therapy. Complications of Diabetes Mellitus - Acute complications: hypoglycaemia (from insulin excess or missed meals) and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) — the most da…

Question 2

Define paediatric nursing. Describe the roles and responsibilities of a paediatric nurse.

Accepted Answer

Definition of Paediatric Nursing Paediatric nursing is the specialised branch of nursing science that deals with the health care of children from birth through adolescence, including the promotion of health, prevention of illness, and the nursing care of sick children. It covers the physical, mental, emotional, social and spiritual needs of the child and treats the child as a growing individual within a family. Paediatric care is essentially family centred, because a child cannot be separated from the parents, and it extends to the community in which children live and grow. Roles and Responsib…

Question 3

What does ARI mean? Define pneumonia.Write down the causes, clinical features, complications and nursing management of a children with pneumonia.

Accepted Answer

Meaning of ARI ARI (Acute Respiratory Infection) includes all acute infections of the respiratory tract — both the upper tract (common cold, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, otitis media, laryngitis) and the lower tract (bronchitis, bronchiolitis, pneumonia). ARI is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among children under five years of age in Bangladesh. Definition of Pneumonia Pneumonia is the acute inflammation of the lung parenchyma — the alveoli and interstitial tissue of the lungs — caused most commonly by infection. It is characterised clinically by fever, cough, fast breathing…

Question 4

Define PEM. Enumerate the difference between marasmus and kwashiorkor. Mention the clinical features of kwashiorkor.

Accepted Answer

Definition of PEM Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is a spectrum of nutritional deficiency disorders resulting from inadequate intake of protein and calories, producing marasmus, kwashiorkor and marasmic-kwashiorkor. Difference between Marasmus and Kwashiorkor - Oedema: absent in marasmus; present (bilateral pitting) in kwashiorkor. - Weight loss/wasting: severe in marasmus; comparatively less in kwashiorkor. - Appetite: good in marasmus; poor in kwashiorkor. - Face: old-man face in marasmus; moon face in kwashiorkor. - Skin: thin, dry and wrinkled in marasmus; flaky-paint dermatosis in kwash…

Question 5

Define mortality and morbidity. Enumerate the causes of infant mortality in Bangladesh. Prevention of child mortality.

Accepted Answer

Definitions Mortality means death — the frequency of death in a population, e.g. infant mortality rate (deaths under one year per 1000 live births). Morbidity means illness — the frequency of disease or ill-health in a population. Causes of Infant Mortality in Bangladesh - Prematurity and low birth weight. - Birth asphyxia and birth injuries. - Neonatal infections — sepsis, pneumonia, meningitis. - Acute respiratory infections (ARI). - Diarrhoeal diseases with dehydration. - Malnutrition and micronutrient deficiency. - Congenital anomalies. - Measles and other vaccine-preventable diseases. - N…

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Pediatric nursing (D-235) — exam question bank

Most repeated questions in Pediatric nursing