Question 1

Define and classify burn. Enlist five dressing agent and five complications of a burn patient. Describe the nursing management of a patient with 1st and 3rd degree burn.

Accepted Answer

1. Definition and Classification of Burn Burn is an injury to the skin and underlying tissues caused by heat (flame, hot liquid, steam), chemicals (acid, alkali), electricity, radiation or friction. Burns are classified by depth and by the extent of body surface area involved: Classification by depth: - First degree (superficial) burn: involves only the epidermis. Features: redness, pain, swelling, no blistering; heals in 3-5 days (e.g., sunburn). - Second degree (partial thickness) burn: involves the epidermis and part of the dermis. Features: redness, blisters, severe pain, weeping surface; …

Question 2

Define surgical nursing. Describe the responsibilities of a surgical nurse.

Accepted Answer

1. Definition of Surgical Nursing Surgical nursing is a specialized branch of nursing that deals with the comprehensive care of the patient before, during and after a surgical operation. It covers the scientific preparation, physical and psychological support, and restoration of health of a patient undergoing surgery for diagnosis, cure, relief or prevention of disease. It extends from the time the decision for surgery is made until the patient has fully recovered and is discharged. 2. Responsibilities of a Surgical Nurse The responsibilities of a surgical nurse are divided into three phases: …

Question 3

Define UTI. State the causes and preventions of UTI.

Accepted Answer

1. Definition of UTI Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the infection of any part of the urinary system — urethra (urethritis), bladder (cystitis), ureter, or kidneys (pyelonephritis) — caused by microorganisms, most commonly Escherichia coli. 2. Causes of UTI - Bacteria: E. coli (most common), Klebsiella, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus faecalis. - Poor personal hygiene and contaminated hands. - Retention of urine (incomplete bladder emptying). - Catheterization and instrumentation of the urinary tract. - Obstruction — prostate enlargement, stones, tumor, stricture. - Pregna…

Question 4

Define STDs. Write down the mode of transmission and preventions of STDs.

Accepted Answer

1. Definition of STDs Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) — also called sexually transmitted infections (STIs) — are infections that are transmitted from one person to another mainly through sexual contact (vaginal, anal or oral). Examples include syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B, genital herpes and trichomoniasis. 2. Mode of Transmission - Sexual intercourse (vaginal, anal, oral) with an infected partner — the main route. - Mother to child: during pregnancy, at childbirth, or through breast milk (e.g., HIV, syphilis). - Contaminated blood and blood products; sharing of n…

Question 5

Briefly discuss the etiology clinical feature nursing management/investigation of congestive heart failure.

Accepted Answer

1. Definition Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a clinical syndrome in which the heart is unable to pump sufficient blood to meet the metabolic needs of the body, resulting in fluid accumulation (congestion) in the lungs, liver and other tissues, and inadequate tissue perfusion. 2. Etiology of CHF - Ischemic heart disease (myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease) — the commonest cause. - Hypertension causing left ventricular strain and hypertrophy. - Valvular heart disease (mitral stenosis, aortic regurgitation). - Cardiomyopathy (dilated, hypertrophic) and myocarditis. - Arrhythmias (a…

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Medical and surgical (D-231) — exam question bank

Most repeated questions in Medical and surgical